精馏塔是进行精谭的一种塔式气液接触装置。利用混合物中各组分具有不同的挥发度，即在同一温度下各组分的燕气压不同这一性质，使液相中的轻组分(低沸物)转移到气相中，而气相中的重组分(高湾物)转移到液相中，从而实现分离的日的。

A distllgtion column s a tower-type gas-lquid oontact device tordisllalion. Using the drerent yolatilty o each componert in me modturethat is, the wapof pressure of each component is diflerent at the sammetemparaturo, the ight companont (low boilng) in the liquid phase isransferred to the gas chase, and the recombinatian componen (highboiling) in the gas phaso is transfotred to the lquid phase, so as toadhlove the purpose of separetion.

精馏过程所用的设备称为精馆塔，大体上可以分为两大类:1板式塔，气液两相总体上作多次逆流接触，每层板上气液两相一般作交叉流2填料塔，气液两相作连续逆流接触。

Tho oquipmont unad in tho distilation procoss is callod a dstlafon towar, which can be broadly divided into two aatogorios:D in plate towers, the gas-lquld tao phases generaly make mutiple courtercurten contacts, and the gas-lqud tao phases on each layer of plate aregenerally crgss-flowr2 Packed tower.gas-quid to phabe tor cortnuous countetcutrent contacl

一般的精馏装置由精馏塔塔身、冷凝器、回流罐，以及再沸器等设备组成。进科从精馏塔中某段塔板上进入塔内，这块塔板称为进料板。进料板将精馏塔分为上下两段，进料板以上部分称为精馏段，进料板以下部分称为提馏段。

The general dist llation devioe is corgosed of distilatlon tower body.condenger, retlux tank and reboilef The teed is ted nto the column trom acertain section af the column plate, which is called the feed plate. The'eed plate dyides the rectifcation colurrn into two secticns, the above partot the toad plata l cnllod he rocttication goctlon, and the below part athe feed olate is caled the sttipging section.